Supercharger - Turbocharger - Working

Supercharger Turbocharger Working 

“When the going gets tough, put one foot in front of the other and just keep going. Don’t give up.” 

- Roy T. Bennett

Normally internal combustion engine needs required level of air-fuel mixture to undergo complete combustion for achieving better performance . In heavy loaded conditions engine requires more density of air during suction stroke to withstand power output . To sustain this circumstances in engine Supercharger and Turbocharger is used .

 

Supercharger

A supercharger , also known as blower , is similar to the working of compressor that supplies pressurized air into the cylinders of an I.C. engine . Basically a supercharger obtains power from the engine's crankshaft which is driven by an output pulley at certain ratio of engine speed . This helps to boost the air intake therefore its density of fresh charge increases for the same swept volume . There is an increase in efficiency based on power to weight ratio .

 

When the engine get starts , supercharger also starts running by suck the ambient air inside and impeller rotates to compress the air . After compression the pressurized air flows to inter cooler to decrease the temperature of air because hotter air is less dense then moves to intake manifold of the cylinders . Now the engine gets enormous quantity of air-fuel mixture to burn efficiently . Four types of superchargers are available like centrifugal type , root's type , vane type and screw type .  

 

Mostly superchargers are preferred for high powered petrol engines . Generally petrol engines runs at higher rpm , so to generate more power high speed cars consider superchargers . For low powered engines superchargers are not preferred because their swept volume inside the cylinder is small so maximum density of charge cannot be able compress which leads to lower thermal efficiency . Superchargers are not required for diesel engines because the generation of power output is high .

Drawback - Supercharger utilizes engine output to run so some power loss takes place .

Turbocharger

A turbocharger is also similar to the working of compressor but it works by obtaining a gas pressure that comes from exhaust of the engine . It is connected after the exhaust manifold of an engine . Turbocharger utilizes the energy extracted from the engine exhaust and gives better efficiency . 

 

When engine get starts , exhaust gas came out and force the turbine to rotate . This turbine runs the compressor turbine which is connected together via shaft . This centrifugal shaped compressor turbine generates pressurized air from atmosphere and flows to inter cooler to reduce air temperature then moves to intake manifold , so it increase air standard efficiency and achieve fine performance .

Mostly turbochargers are used in diesel engines to increase engine efficiency with increase in fuel consumption . Exhaust gas pressure is not enough to run turbocharger in petrol engine compared to diesel engine . 

Drawback - Turbocharger creates some back pressure in the exhaust system .

                                

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